Infertility Treatment Options and Procedures
Infertility doesn’t mean pregnancy is impossible—it means that conceiving may take more time, planning, or medical assistance.
How can you assess your fertility?
How is infertility defined?
If you’ve had regular unprotected sex (2–3 times per week) for more than six months without conceiving:
No signs of pregnancy
Have already undergone fertility evaluations
Considering a personal fertility assessment and treatment plan
Types of Infertility
Primary infertility
Refers to individuals who have never achieved a pregnancy.
Secondary infertility
Refers to individuals who were previously pregnant but are currently unable to conceive, due to factors such as miscarriage or changes following a prior birth.
Common Causes of Infertility
Female-related (30%)
- Uterus: congenital abnormalities, fibroids, intrauterine adhesions, endometriosis, cervical stenosis or atresia
- Pelvic: blocked or scarred fallopian tubes, pelvic adhesions
- Ovaries: ovulation disorders, ovarian cysts or tumors, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian insufficiency
- Hormonal: high prolactin levels, elevated androgens, luteal phase defects
- Other contributing factors
Female-related (30%)
30%
Male-related (30%)
- Penis: hypospadias, epispadias, penile curvature
- Testes: undescended testicles, torsion, atrophy, varicocele, trauma
- Vas deferens: congenital absence, infections, or inflammation of the reproductive tract
- Hormonal: hypogonadism, high prolactin levels
- Other contributing factors
Male-related (30%)
30%
Combined or Unexplained (40%)
- Immunological issues
- Lifestyle and environmental factors: advanced maternal age, obesity, stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, poor sleep, and more
- Unknown or idiopathic causes
Combined or Unexplained (40%)
40%
Primary Treatments for Infertility
How to Prevent Infertility?
For men:
Abstain from ejaculation for 3–5 days before semen collection to optimize sperm quality.
For women:
Maintain a healthy diet and weight
While the uterus can remain functional as a woman ages, egg quantity and quality naturally decline over time.
The number of eggs is fixed at birth and gradually decreases. Around age 35, this decline accelerates, making it more difficult to conceive.
If you plan to delay pregnancy due to personal or professional goals, it is advisable to consider egg freezing before the age of 35 to preserve fertility potential.
Check your AMH levels regularly
AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) is produced by granulosa cells in early-stage ovarian follicles.
Higher AMH levels generally indicate a greater ovarian reserve and stronger fertility potential.