What Do Different Menstrual Symptoms Mean?

To successfully conceive and carry a pregnancy, a healthy uterine environment is essential. That’s why monitoring your menstrual cycle and uterine condition is a fundamental part of preconception care. Here are some common menstrual symptoms and what they may indicate:

Heavy or significantly decreased menstrual flow should be evaluated early.A typical menstrual cycle produces around 30–40cc of blood. More than 80cc (e.g., changing pads every hour or using more than one pack per cycle) is considered excessive.

Light menstrual flow may be linked to hormonal imbalance.This can often be corrected with medication. But if your flow is noticeably decreasing over time and you’re trying to conceive, see a doctor promptly.

Normal menstrual blood should be dark red.If blood appears very dark or almost black, especially with slow flow or low volume, this may warrant attention.

Occasional clots are normal, but excessive clots require evaluation.In women who haven’t given birth, a narrower cervix can cause blood to collect before passing. But a high volume of clots may indicate excessive bleeding or other issues.

It’s common to experience looser bowel movements during menstruation, but worsening pain needs attention.Prostaglandins cause uterine contractions and may stimulate the autonomic nervous system, increasing intestinal activity and bowel movements.

Severe diarrhea and pain during menstruation may indicate endometriosis affecting the abdominal wall.
This causes local inflammation and sharp pain.

Dizziness and chills during menstruation may be caused by anemia.Excessive blood loss may lead to iron deficiency. A blood test can confirm whether you have anemia. Prostaglandins may also cause blood vessel dilation, leading to dizziness or nausea, which can be treated with medication.

Menstrual pain may radiate to the back or thighs.Due to nerve connections between the uterus and surrounding areas, uterine swelling during menstruation can cause lower back and inner thigh aches. Severe or worsening symptoms should be evaluated.

Intense back pain and cramps are often linked to endometriosis.If the condition has spread to the pelvic cavity, pain may occur even outside of menstruation and should be examined by a specialist.

NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) are commonly used to manage menstrual pain.Some target pain nerves directly, while others reduce inflammation. Be aware of potential allergic reactions.

Take NSAIDs before the pain peaks for better effect.Once pain has started, the effectiveness may decrease.

Menstrual pain is common, but chronic or worsening pain should be checked.Some cases may indicate underlying conditions and warrant medical evaluation.

Avoid CA-125 (ovarian cancer marker) tests during menstruation.Values may be falsely elevated during the cycle.

All women with regular menstrual pain should see a gynecologist at least once.This helps rule out conditions like endometriosis or adenomyosis.

Endometriosis is a common cause of infertility. If you’re struggling to conceive, consider evaluating for this condition.